CO-DESIGNING THE ASHESI ENTREPRENEURSHIP CAPSTONE COURSE
November 28, 2016
On the evening of Monday, the 28th of November, in the Norton-Motulsky Hall of Ashesi University College, a diverse group of people within the community assembled to contribute to the process of re-designing the Entrepreneurship Capstone option for final year students at Ashesi. Having begun the re-designing process in July 2016, Dr. Sena Agbodjah Agyepong , the lead entrepreneurship faculty for this course at the university, organized this brainstorm session with the assistance of her faculty intern, Sophia Dery and the Ashesi D:Lab coordinators. The event brought together students who have taken this capstone session, students that are currently taking it and those who will be taking this session in the future: specifically, the class of 2019.
The Entrepreneurship Capstone is one of three capstone options that final year students at Ashesi have to complete as a prerequisite for their graduation. A final year student could alternatively write a thesis or complete an applied project. The Entrepreneurship Capstone is a year-long, 2-credit course that requires students to work in teams on identifying opportunities within their environment and developing sustainable and scalable business models for them. The teams of students have the option to implement their business models but have to submit a full, implementable business plan as a final deliverable at the end of the year.
In the fall semester of 2015, Ashesi introduced the Foundations of Design and Entrepreneurship (FDE) course, which immerses all freshmen in the experience of using design thinking to explore problem spaces and eventually create and run businesses from solutions identified. FDE gives students the opportunity to start businesses in teams using the Lean startup model among other supporting approaches. This is very similar to the current course structure of the Entrepreneurship Capstone hence the need to re-design it for students who have already taken FDE to find value in an Entrepreneurship Capstone option.
Monday’s brainstorm session was kicked off with an insight gathering process where current and past students of the FDE and Entrepreneurship courses shared their likes and dislikes about their learning experiences from these courses. At their core, both courses afforded the students the opportunity to explore the practice and theory of what it takes to start and run a business. FDE, though not as demanding in terms of content and coursework as its capstone equivalent, mandates that freshmen eventually simulate running businesses with little or no prior experience in business management, marketing or financial accounting, a shared challenge among those that have taken and those that are currently taking this course.
To arrive at a mutually acceptable co-designed course, teams were formed to tackle the content, structure, evaluation, output and support systems around the success of the capstone course. After continuously empathizing and analyzing their overall experience, while paying attention to pain and gain points, these teams arrived at groundbreaking innovations, most of which could be implemented to give the Entrepreneurship Capstone a new meaning to future students who have taken the FDE course in their freshman year. Some of these include an affirmation on the already existing self-evaluation system within the course, creating support systems for funding and supporting student business ideas and a potential screening process for students looking to hone their entrepreneurship skills. These ideas will inform the new design of the course.
ANALOGIZING AND BIOMIMICRY
November 21, 2016
What? – The Design Thinking Content Series powered by the Ashesi D:Lab
Speaker? – Genesis Nchopereu
When? – Monday, 21st November 2016
Time? – 4:25 PM – 5:30 PM
Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab, King Engineering Building 102
Topic for this week? – Analogizing and Biomimicry e.g. Aravind and Shinkansen
Genesis Nchopereu is a Cameroonian and sophomore Engineering student at Ashesi. He is very passionate about design thinking and entrepreneurship. At Ashesi, Genesis is an MCF scholar, President of the International student community, FDE lead Coach and the Clinton Global Initiative University campus representative. He is the founder of V-Clic, one of AVA’s ventures, and Agrichot, an agribusiness venture. Prior to coming to Ashesi, Genesis ran design thinking workshops in Cameroon and South Africa, including tailored workshops for Pioneer Nations and LEVI’S. He also interned for Coca-Cola South Africa in 2015. Genesis aspires to be one of the top entrepreneurs in Africa in 2025.
DJ MIXES AND MASHUPS!
November 18, 2016
To spice up your events and for great background music in your videos, you might want to borrow the skills of a DJ in mixing tracks and creating music mashups.
What? – DJ Mixes and Mashups!
Makers? – Nii Apa Abbey ’15 & Carl Yao Agbenyega ‘15
When? – Friday, 18th November 2016
Time? – 11:20 AM – 12:40 PM
Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab, King Engineering Building 102
This discussion was on techniques help you create good mixes when using a typical DJ software such as Virtual DJ. Concepts tackled included choice of tracks per occasion, beats per minute (bpm), beats and timing, setting cue points, using loops and recording your mix.
Nii Apa Abbey is a creative technologist who holds a strong interest in game design and development. Blender 3D and Cinema 4D are his favourite CGI tools he uses to materialise his creativity in his free time. He is a DJ!
Carl Agbenyega coordinates projects in the D:Lab as the Design Making Coordinator. Apart from his interest in web development and product design, he listens to a wide variety of music and mixes tracks for fun.
FELLOW’S PROJECTS UPDATE SESSION
November 16, 2016
D:Lab Fellows shared progress made with their projects and the next steps for their projects.
What? – Project Update Session
When? – Wednesday, 16th November 2016
Time? – 2:40 PM – 4:10 PM
Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab, King Engineering Building 102.
The following Fellows who are applying design thinking methods and tools to enhance their projects were invited to present their progress:
Pearl Gemegah & Dr. Suzanne Buchele – Designing an African academic gown system for various graduation levels
Antoinette Doku ’14 – A human-centered Montessori School Curriculum
The Ashesi Farm Modeling Project
Charles Djokoto – SunRise Hub, aiding financially disadvantaged high school graduates to pursue dream career paths
Comfort Appiah – LociFarm, an organic poultry farm
Jobe Wuyeh – Gambian Fruit Farm
Araba Torson – Women in Agriculture
Daniel Botchway & Yesmin Alhassan – Exploring user behavior in the adoption of a Customer Relationship Management System at Ashesi
Sena Agyepong & Sofia Dery – Restructuring the entrepreneurship capstone for the next two academic years
Rose Dodd – Validating the Ashesi Institute brand and developing collateral for it
PHOTOGRAPHY AS A TOOL FOR STORYTELLING!
November 11, 2016
Most of us love photos—selfies, fashion shots, nature shots, and more. But what does it really take to tell stories with photography?
For this week’s Maker Sessions, Michael led a workshop on storytelling with photography, sharing his experience as a storyteller and photographer.
What? – Photography as a Tool for Storytelling!
Maker? – Michael Quansah ‘14
When? – Friday, 11th November 2016
Time? – 11:20 AM – 12:20 PM
Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab, King Engineering Building 102
Michael Quansah’s story:
I picked up a camera mainly because I want to learn more about Ghana so I can tell stories about what Ghana really looks (and feels) like. Coincidentally, my job requires someone who can ‘produce’ good images and use them for stories as well. At Ashesi, I work as the Public Relations and Alumni Relations Officer, on the weekends, I’m a photographer.
SENSE-MAKING: ANALYZING RESEARCH DATA
November 7, 2016
What? – The Design Thinking Content Series powered by the Ashesi D:Lab
Speaker? – Purity Musau
When? – Monday, 7th November 2016
Time? – 4:25 PM – 5:30 PM
Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab, King Engineering Building 102
Topic for this week? – Sense-Making: Analyzing Research Data.
Purity Musau is a sophomore majoring in Business administration. She is passionate about design thinking and a great supporter of the Ashesi Design Lab. She is interested in design and fashion and thinks that the world is ruled by design thinkers. She is an active member and leader of the Ashesi Agribusiness and Sustainable Development ‘Club’ in the school. She believes highly in leadership and thinks that leaders do not need a position to perform. With the knowledge and skills gained in the design lab and the FDE course she hopes to be part of the small circle of people who are going to change the world by solving community problems through design thinking. Purity was part of a team of students who took part in improving the teaching of FDE over the summer break.
DESIGN THINKING THE ELECTION MONITORING PROCESS
October 31, 2016
What? – The Design Thinking Content Series powered by the Ashesi D:Lab
Speaker? – Margaret Odero
When? – Monday 31st October 2016
Time? – 4:25pm – 5:30pm
Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab, King Engineering Building 102
Topic for this week? – Design thinking the elections monitoring process
Margaret Odero is a sophomore student in the pioneer engineering class, majoring in electrical engineering in Ashesi University. A member of The Mobile Trolley FDE venture that provided quality delivery services. Also, she took part in the summer d-lab mobile project that involved redefining the Ashesi FDE curriculum. She aspires to use design thinking to explore technologies that will automate most of manufacturing processes in Africa for better production.
D:LAB MOBILE SUMMER PROJECTS UPDATE SESSION
October 12, 2016
Over the summer break, the D:Lab had several students use design thinking to innovate and co-create with organizations and companies such as Vodafone, Casa Trassaco, Café Kwae, Burro Brand, GN Electronics and our very own university Ashesi. This event was organised to get a sense of progress and the way forward for each of these projects.
Event Details: What? – D:Lab Mobile Summer Projects Update Session When? – Wednesday 12th October 2016 Time? – 2:40 – 4:10pm Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab, King Engineering Building 102.
Audrey S-Darko, presented on her team’s progress with the Cafe Kwae Use Experience projects and how she looks forward to ending the project with a market strategy proposal that her team will present to the manager of Cafe Kwae. Kelvin Dogbetse detailed his team’s progress on exploring and improving employee productivity of Tradeworks. His team hopes to continue research work, however, the future of this project hinges on their availability outside school work; possibility during school breaks.
Aisha Jallow and Purity Musau, who worked on the Ashesi Fundamentals of Design and Entrepreneurship (FDE) Research project which centred on developing tools (templates etc.) for helping students visualize things in cleaner, more professional and more engaging ways such as developing hieroglyphic-mnemonic devices to help students remember the design thinking process and methods. They presented a few of their findings and how these finding will influence future FDE classes. The D:Lab Coordinators also presented on the state of other projects.
ASHESI D:LAB CONTENT SERIES (INNOVATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE)
October 10, 2016
Emmanuel presented a very compelling case for the need of innovation in bringing impact and change in society. He tapped from his growing experience in agriculture to lead a discussion around the process one can use to innovate around a social challenge.
Placing attendants into small teams, Emmanuel assigned them the task of analyzing cases of need in particular sectors of agriculture and finally to innovate interventions for the challenges using any ideation tool of their choice.
Emmanuel Derry Wanye, the speaker for the event, is a daring and adventurous youth studying Management Information Systems and in his sophomore year at Ashesi University. With his ever-bulging passion for agriculture, he hopes to hone knowledge, skills, and expertise to transform agriculture in Ghana and beyond. He is currently the project lead for the Ashesi Design Lab farm modeling Project; which has created an organic farm to serve as a learning center for other students to have hands-on learning along the agricultural value chain. He believes “learning” is what prevents a lean and indecisive brain; tossed to and fro by the tides of ignorance into the grips of poverty”.
DIGITAL MARKETING FOR PERSONAL & PROJECT BRANDING
October 7, 2016
The major agenda for the event was to introduce students to the skills needed to effectively market themselves and projects on the internet, especially social media and the essence of it.
Mawuli Amenyedor, a freelance digital marketer, was the guest and key speaker for the event. He was supported by Brian Dzidefo Dzansi, Researcher & Social Media Manager at Imani Center for Policy and Education
Mawuli Cherubim Amenyedor, accompanied with Brian Dzidefo Dzansi, gave a talk on what digital marketing is and how it has advanced and gained traction over time till date. The session educated on the importance of digital marketing, the role it plays in modern personal and project branding as well as the potential and possibilities it makes available to the average person. Mawuli, guided attendees through keys steps in optimizing one’s social media pages and LinkedIn professional profiles to attract the right kind of online traffic.
ASHESI D:LAB CONTENT SERIES (DATA VISUALIZATION)
October 3, 2016
The agenda was to take participants through how to visualize research data without using the statistical software such as Excel, SPSS etc.
During the event, Samantha Kyei 19′ took participants through the benefits of data visualization. She spoke about how data visualization helps you see patterns and trends in your research. She also spoke about card-sorting which is a technique of visualizing research data by putting your data on cards or sticky notes and grouping them into themes in order to see trends and similar themes. Participants went through an activity of visualization data provided by Samantha, to help them see the importance of data visualization.
2ND ASHESI D:LAB MOBILE PRESENTATIONS & BBQ
July 7, 2016
Starting off from Impact Hub Accra, the second stop of the Ashesi D:Lab Mobile was at the McNulty Design Lab, King Engineering Building on the Ashesi University Campus. The event took place on Thursday, Jun 30th 2016 from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm.
The D:Lab in partnership with the Ashesi Venture Accelerator (AVA), featured Lysanne Denneboom, the Managing Director of Fundraising Africa, who gave a presentation about new and innovative ways to raise money online for things people care about. Her presentation explained the essence of crowdfunding and how it can be used to make ideas reality through running successful crowdfunding campaigns.
Student teams presented 5-minute updates on the progress made and challenges they face while working on their respective design thinking projects this summer. Teams also interacted on ways they could improve their design processes for their respective projects.
Event Coordinators: Theodore Philip Asare, Carl Agbenyega
Media Production: Cybil Mupazviriwo
1ST ASHESI D:LAB MOBILE PRESENTATIONS AND BBQ
July 7, 2016
The Ashesi Design Lab (D:Lab) decided to go “Mobile” this summer with students working on exploratory projects with organizations. Ashesi University College (Ashesi) students are employing design thinking in innovating and co-creating products, systems and services with organizations and companies such as Vodafone, Casa Trassaco, Café Kwae, Burro Brand, GN Electronicsand our very own university Ashesi.
The 1st D:Lab Mobile presentations and BBQ took place at The Impact Hub Accra, Osu on Wednesday 8th June 2016 from 3 – 5pm. Students presented on their projects and got feedback from experts in design thinking: Dela Kumahor, Yaw Dankwa Oseo-Asare and Dr. Gordon Adomdza, on how to shape their projects using the design thinking process. Teams had 5 minutes to present on their projects. The event saw about 40 people attend.
Below are a list of projects students are working on:
Business Modelling – This project collaborates with PEN Education from the MIT D-Lab to train science teachers on how to teach and develop business models around hands-on-science.
Deep Dives – This project is a social innovation project in collaboration with Burro Brand and students from Brown University, employing ethnographic research methods to discover opportunities for innovation in rural communities.
Vodafone Innovations mUtility Applications: This project explores how to collaborate on developing technology to develop business models for utilities.
MDF’s EnterWASH project: EnterWASH is looking for young ambitious Ghanaians, interested in using enterprise to solve the water, sanitation and hygiene problems in their communities.
Cafe Kwae: Understanding the user experience at coffee shops with the study of the rapidly changing socio-economic profile of people in the developing world.
Farming Modelling: Exploring agriculture and using design thinking to model farming practices in response to unique food demands in the Accra urban market.
OPV Solar project: This team is using design thinking to explore functional forms for the application of organic photo-voltaic cells in collaboration with Dr. Hanne Lauritzen from the Danish Technical Institute.
Tradeworks: This project explores creative ways of optimizing work routines for employees while exposing students to the manufacture of solar panels.
Cassa Trassaco User Experience: This project explores a potential collaboration with Cassa Trassaco aimed at studying the in-store customer experience for their luxury brands and how to redesign part of it for better outcomes.
SE Ghana: The recently launched Social Enterprise Ghana is exploring a collaboration to build hybrid business models for social enterprises with a focus on sustainability.
The Cobalt Partners: Explore a series of paid service and (digital) product design opportunities at this Design and Technology consulting firm. Projects will include but not be limited to research, redesign and development of customer experience processes for key clients in the areas of financial services among others. Students are working with a growing team of designers and technologists, led by Dela A. Kumahor.
Ashesi FDE Research project: Developing tools (templates etc.) for helping students visualize things in cleaner, more professional and more engaging ways. e.g. developing hieroglyphic-mnemonic devices to help students remember DT process and methods, led by DK Osseo-Asare.
CONTENT SERIES – IDEATION METHODS (PRESENTED BY YOOFI BROWN-POBEE AND CYBIL TINEMIISHE MUPAZVIRIWO ON APR 19, 2016)
April 19, 2016
When? – Tuesday, 19th April 2016 Time? – 5:30pm – 6:15pm Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab (Eng 102) Topic for this week? – POV (Point Of View) Construction, Envisioning- Ideation Methods, Brainstorming, Disney’s 3 rooms, De Bono, Biomimicry
Speakers: Yoofi Brown-Pobee and Cybil Tinemiishe Mupazviriwo
Yoofi Brown-Pobee is the Project Lead of the Ashesi Design Lab Deep Dives project that seeks to develop products in emerging markets using design thinking methodologies and ethnographic research and a freelance web designer. Over the past few months, he has been very fascinated by the design thinking process and has been employing it more, even when planning his day. He hopes to grow in leaps and bounds in the design thinking mentality and share with others who haven’t.
Cybil Tinemiishe Mupazviriwo is a freshman student of Ashesi University College studying Mechanical Engineering. She is a co-founder of Ignite Venture, an FDE initiative that seeks to promote creativity (Art) in students. Cybil’s passion lies in empowering youth and helping them realize their potentials as she herself is a paragon of dream chasing. She believes in promoting creative talent, creativity and design thinking as a toolkit for solving the world’s problems. She looks forward to developing ever-broader capacities, take interdisciplinary and deeply collaborative approaches that would solve real world problems through engineering and creative arts.
CONTENT SERIES – DESIGN THINKING ANALYSIS TOOLS II (PRESENTED BY JESSICA QUAYE & AUDREY S-DARKO)
April 12, 2016
Jessica and Audrey lead a discussion on Analysis Tools for Design Thinking; Mind Map, Venn Diagram, Relational Venn Diagram, 2 by 2 Matrix, Analogy
When? – Tuesday, 12th April 2016
Time? – 5:30pm – 6:15pm
Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab (Eng 102)
Jessica Ayeley Quaye, a freshman majoring in Electrical Engineering is passionate about design thinking, particularly its power to trigger and nurse innovation in the field of Engineering. She’s the Public Relations Officer and a founding member of “The After Nine Effect”, a venture which was birthed out of design thinking at Ashesi. She started out FDE I with mixed feelings and a great deal of skepticism about how “creative” she was. Her love for design grew with time as she saw a transformation in the way she viewed things and her ideology about creativity. Now, design thinking has been of great benefit to how she tackles her project on automating Ghana’s public transportation system.
Audrey M. S-Darko is a freshman at Ashesi and is the manager (CEO) of The Destressor Hub, an FDE venture. Audrey currently has a business in the Ashesi Venture Accelerator (AVA) where she applies the design thinking process to solve the problem of unhealthy eating at night. She has a proclivity for social design, generating great ideas to solve societal problems. As a budding entrepreneur, she believes that employing design thinking processes would play a critical role in the positive transformation and development of society.
CONTENT SERIES – DESIGN THINKING ANALYSIS TOOLS (PRESENTED BY NII ODARTEYE QUARCOOPOME)
April 5, 2016
What? – The Design Thinking Content Series powered by the Ashesi D:Lab When? – Tuesday, 5th April 2016 Time? – 5:30pm – 6:15pm Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab (Eng 102) Topic for this week? – Analysis Tools 1: Empathy Map, Journey Map, Value-Aspiration-Experience, Activity Clock, Persona
Speaker: Nii Odarteye Quarcoopome
Nii Odarteye Quarcoopome is a freshman at Ashesi aspiring to major in Business Administration. Nii is one of the founding members of Yaro Foundation an FDE venture. He believes that design thinking is a tool that can transform both businesses and individuals because it is an avenue for high degrees of creativity and better methods of problem-solving.
CONTENT SERIES – FRAMING + RESEARCH TOOLS- OBSERVATION, DEPTH INTERVIEWS, EXPERIMENTS, ANALOGIES, DIARY METHOD (PRESENTED BY FAUZYA MUDASIR)
March 29, 2016
Fauziya led a discussion on Analysis Tools for design thinking such as Empathy Map, Journey Map, Value-Aspiration-Experience, Activity Clock and Persona.
What? – The Design Thinking Content Series powered by the Ashesi D:Lab When? – Tuesday, 29th March 2016 Time? – 5:30pm – 6:15pm Where? – McNulty Foundation Design Lab (Eng 102)
Speakers: Fauziya Mudasir
Fauziya Mudasir: Miss. Fauziya Mudasir is a freshman here at Ashesi University Class of 2019. Miss Fauziya has led many creative projects in high school and is currently in the Deep Dives project team with the D:Lab where she works with a team to come up with innovative solutions for rural communities. She also loves Design Thinking and wants to use it in any project she works on.
MAKER SKILLS SESSIONS – BUILD YOUR OWN IOT CONTROLLER WITH NICHOLAS TALI
September 30, 2016
Nicholas Tali, Engineering Lab Coordinator, took attendants through a roughly technical brief on several electronic components that could easily be assembled, programmed and attached to electronic devices that can be remotely controlled via a virtual network such as the internet.
ASHESI D:LAB CONTENT SERIES (RESEARCH REFRAMING: THE NEED FOR RE-FRAMING)
September 26, 2016
Nana Oye 19′ took the participants through the need of research reframing. She started off by explaining how it is important to understand a problem before looking at the solutions. She spoke about how in solving a problem you should look at the problem from a systems perspective in order to break the problem down. She spoke about looking at the problem from the “Helicopter view, Spy Plane and Bull eye view”. “The helicopter view looks at all the stakeholders involved with the problem”- Nana Oye 19′.
MAKER SKILLS SESSIONS – BUILD YOUR OWN SOLAR SYSTEM WITH NICHOLAS TALI
September 23, 2016
Nicholas Tali, Engineering Lab Coordinator, lead a discussion on the importance of solar energy and its growing potential in today’s energy-needy world. In attendance was Dr. Charles Jackson, and Dr. Ayokor Korsah, Computer Science professors at Ashesi
Nicholas Tali is an embedded systems developer with over six years of experience in embedded systems design. He has offered hands-on training to students, engineers as well as makers using several families of microprocessors and microcontrollers such as AVR, PIC, and Arduino among others since 2013.
ASHESI D:LAB CONTENT SERIES (DESIGN THINKING AND EDUCATION)
September 19, 2016
Cynthia Muhonja, of the 2019 class, took other students through the design thinking process and how it applies to educational problems. The theme was “Design thinking and Education.” This was on 19/09/2016 at 16:25:00 GMT.
This event was targeted at the whole Ashesi Community but had most of the freshmen attend.The event started off by Cynthia 19′ explaining the design thinking process (Research, Analysis, POV, Ideation, Prototyping (Solution)) and how it is a creative way of solving educational problems. She spoke about how to solve a problem starting from researching and empathizing with the users. Some of the activities for the day were, the participants were told to write down an educational problem and come up with how they were going to solve it using the design thinking approach.
The next meeting will be on the 26th of September, 2016 with the topic “Research Reframing: The Need for Reframing”
GLOBAL GOALS JAM #ATASHESI
September 17, 2016
September 17, 2016 – Ashesi’s D:Lab joined a network of universities, agencies and local communities all over the world, in hosting the first ever Global Goals Jam. Hosted at the Norton-Motulsky hall, the session attracted members of the Ashesi community, students from Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology and other tertiary institutions.
During the 2015 Social Good Summit, where world leaders adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations Development Programme, and MediaLAB Amsterdam launched the Global Goals Jam. At the Global Goals Jam, participants come together to design interventions towards tangible results in short sprints.
The session at Ashesi focused on three of the 17 goals, namely; affordable and clean energy, sustainable cities and development and, responsible consumption and production. “For the jams, we created challenges for the goals we chose and worked towards creating actionable solutions,” said Theodore Philip Asare ’15, Design Thinking Coordinator at the D:Lab. “The D:Lab effectively identifies problems and attempts to solve them using design thinking, so the Jams was a great platform to hop on to help propose solutions to real problems that are going on in Africa and the world.”
Ashesi’s D:Lab is a space for members of the community to work on creative solutions to problems outside the classroom, using design thinking. “Looking forward, what we are hoping to do is to take these projects the D:Lab is currently working on, and perfect their solutions through initiatives like the Global Jams,” explained Carl Agbenyega ’15, Design Making Coordinator at the D:Lab. “So we will work with the team members of these projects to actively pursue these solutions to implement them in a more realistic way.”
*Initially published on the Ashesi Website
MAKER SKILLS SESSIONS – THE ART OF MAKING AND FABRICATION WITH BENEDICT QUARTEY
September 16, 2016
Benedict Quartey, of the Ashesi class of 2018, shared his thoughts and experience in the field of making and fabrication. He focused on the ability of makers to bring an idea to reality through the design thinking process and eventually with the help of CAD modeling tools and digital fabrication tools such as the 3D printer. He demoed this process with his personal 3D printer which he assembled.
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